THE ROOTS OF THE MABULAY CLAN

The Mabulay Clan in the Philippines and in the World

Originally written by: Atty. Roberto Yanez Mabulay

Edited by: Neil Urian Secretaria Mabulay

Foreword

This brief narrative was originally intended for the information of the four sons and only daughter of this presumptuous author and his late wife, Dr. Jovita Tapan Mercado, particularly his youngest son who repeatedly asked the question about the beginning of the Mabulay Clan. But then, during his travels all over Mindanao, Visayas, and Luzon occassioned by his duties as vice president and as senior vice president of a government corporation, he saw, heard, gathered, and received many information about the Mabulay Clan. All those information fascinated him to no end that he started to develop an unusual feeling gnawing somewhere in the corners of his subconscious that disturbed him during his moment of aloneness.

Then it dawned to him that perhaps he was precisely made to occupy that position so that he can be an instrument to put together into print bits and pieces of information gathered from all over the country pertinent to the beginnings of the Mabulay Clan.

All Mabulays Originated from One Father

It is a historical fact that long before Spain colonized the Philippines; Chinese merchants were already engaged in free trade with natives trading chinese articles with locally made products and crops by way of barter. At the time, there was no legal tender other than exchange of products and negotiation was mostly done by sign language.

Isidro "Doy" Mabulay, had the opportunity to stay longer in the Panay region as Manager of a progressive government development bank where he and his wife Elizabeth were invited to a welcome gathering of the Mabulay Clan in Aklan. During that occasion, the most senior member of the clan related openly that, as told to him by his elders, the first Mabulay in the country was a Chinese merchant.

That this Chinese merchant named Ma Bu Lai was with a Chinese merchant boat -- a junket, traded with the natives of the Philippine islands during the late Ming Dynasty of China in the 16th Century, and that a notorious Chinese pirate named Li Ma Hong ruled the sea lanes between China, the Philippines, and the neighboring islands causing fear and havoc on helpless Chinese traders.

This particular Chinese trader who may have been attracted and fascinated with the islands and the people he saw in the process of trading from island to island and the enormous potentials for a better quality of life and adventures in a totally strange country, under the cover of the darkness of the night, jumped from his merchant vessel and escaped with his boat somewhere in Aklan shores then sought cover and help, then ingratiated himself with the friendly natives in nearby settlements. He transferred from one settlement to another until he found a more friendly settlement that tolerated his presence and accepted him. He was then simply addressed as "singkit" or "intsek". There he worked for the natives of the locality in exchange for food, shelter, and protection. His working habits, his simple and down to earth ways, and his introduction of new methods of crop planting and fishing all the more endeared him to the native Aklanons until he finally got married to a local maiden.

Eventually, during the Spanish era when Filipinos were introduced to the use of a Christian name and a family name, he simply combined his three-word name Ma Bu Lai to come up with a family name spelled as Mabulay and the first name was Pedro -- then and now a common Filipino name in honor of the great apostle of Jesus Christ, St. Peter.

The most senior member of the clan also said that, as related by his elders, the escaped merchant which was the first Mabulay and his immediate offsprings had the habit of growing their hair long and uncut that reached the ground and that they had to sleep on highly elevated wooden beds so that their hair could freely hung whenever they go to sleep.

Note: In Chinese tradition, your hair along with your body and skin were considered a gift from your parents, and damaging them was considered unfilial.

The Spread of Mabulay Clan

The marriage of the first Mabulay to an Aklanon produced eight children, one girl and seven boys. The family settled in the general area of New Washington, Aklan. When the children grew up, six of the boys went off to other places outside Aklan and got married to local girls wherever they found themselves. The only boy left in Aklan got married to a local girl and had seven children, all boys. In like all manner, all seven boys left for other places outside Aklan; some to the Camotes Islands in Cebu where they got married and their offsprings went further to the other islands in Visayas.

From Cebu and other neighboring islands, later generations of Mabulays spread further and further to Bohol, Leyte, Samar, and up to the Bicol provinces to Quezon province. While others found themselves down south to Mindanao, to Cagayan de Misamis, the Zamboanga area, and Davao. Still, other Mabulay offsprings continued to spread and migrate towards other places even beyond the shores of the Philippines and can now be found in the neighboring Asian countries to other parts of the world including England, the Netherlands, Spain, France, Portugal, and to the Continental Americas which many of them in the United States.

Undisputably, without any fear of contradiction, all Mabulays in the Philippines and in the world, wherever they may be found, are related by blood with one another. Their roots can be traced to one common father -- that full blooded Chinese trader who, in the course of conducting business in the country long before it was colonized by Spain, escaped with his boat and settled somewhere in the shores of Aklan. This Chinese trader who fell in love with the country and its people that motivated his escape in the middle of the night, ingratiated himself with friendly natives, got married to a local maiden, and their offsprings moved to other islands and the rest is history.

An indomitable determination to search for a better quality of life and insatiable spirit of adventurism must be burning in the blood and fiber of every Mabulay, wherever they may be found, that lead many of their offsprings to continue to migrate further and further all over the world.

Contribution of the Mabulay Clan to the Nation Building

Not all information have been gathered but with all certainty, the Mabulays have contributed to the common struggle for nation building. During the revolution against the Spanish colonization, four Mabulays have laid down their lives and sacrifices as they willingly and gallantly shed down their blood in defense of their motherland. Their names enshrined in the historical memorial slab attesting to their heroism at the Plaza de los Heroes in Pueblo de Oro for all generations to see the following Mabulay heroes.

The Mabulay Heroes of the Philippine Revolution:
(1) Agapito Mabulay
(2) Felix Mabulay
(3) Silverio Mabulay
(4) Inocencio Mabulay

Not to be outdone, later generations of Mabulay have distinguished themselves by their contribution to the development of the country. Many have figured themselves as successful government executives, bankers, high military officials, corporate managers, educators, and business executives. There are good of them already abroad in the continental America, England, Canada, Spain, France, Portugal, the Middle East countries, and Asia such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Hongkong; many of whom are engineers, nurses, doctors, teachers, entrepreneurs, and scientists all of whom continuously sending dollars to their loved ones in the country are glorified as modern day heroes contributing enormously to the economy of the country.

MY WHEREABOUTS

By: Neil Urian Secretaria Mabulay

         (Originally written on March 23, 2018)

Today marks the calendar of March 23, 2018. It has been 5 years since I graduated college. Where am I now? I remember 5 years back during our graduation ball, I was asked the question, where do you see yourself 5 years from now? My answer was, "I don't know, I'm not sure, but once I get a Ph.D in Astronomy, I will dedicate myself to science."

Since I was a kid I have always been fascinated by the night sky. I have always dreamed of becoming an astronomer. But in my country, pursuing this kind of dream is hard. Education in the Philippines is poor. Most universities here don't offer astronomy courses and even if you do study and graduate astronomy, it's hard to get a job. Luckily, everytime I look up at the night sky, I see airplanes flying around. Like the stars, airplanes are spectacular too. That's why I decided to take the course Aerospace Engineering. Since then, aviation has become my passion as well.

Studying in college was one of the best things that ever happened in my life. For a short period of time, I learned many things and, at the same time, I made a lot of friends. I was just a child back then when I entered college; but I graduated as a man. The memory of my graduation is still fresh in my mind, yet it has been 5 years since that memorable day. Everything happened so fast. During my 5-year journey, I made a few triumphs which served as milestones for further future triumphs. The years weren't easy. There were obstacles but, luckily, I was able to overcome them. Currently, I work in a government agency called the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. I own a car and a motorcycle. During these past 3 years, good things kept coming at my window. It is sometimes chucklesome to think that from being an indigent child, now I am someone who is respected by other people. Today, I feel like my hard work and sacrifices have paid me off. What was unachievable before seems quite achievable today. Now I can buy luxuries which I didn't think I'd be able to buy when I was a child.

Working in an aviation industry is quite an attainment for an Aerospace Engineering graduate like me. Considering the fact that in my country, it's hard to get a job. For a man whose passion is in aviation, well, this job is more than enough and I'm quite satisfied with my life now. But for a child whose dream was to become a doctor in astronomy, well, it is not enough. Right now though, I'm saving a little money for myself. With that little money, I was able to buy a small refractor telescope and do astronomy as my hobby. But I'm still hoping that one day, I will be able to pursue my dream and become a Ph.D. It may be hard but you never know when opportunity comes. A plan will always be a plan until it is fulfilled.

The Cosmic Perspective

By: Neil deGrasse Tyson
       (Universe: the 100th essay, April 2007)

Long before anyone knew that the universe had a beginning, before we knew that the nearest large galaxy lies two and a half million light-years from Earth, before we knew how stars work or whether atoms exist, James Ferguson's enthusiastic introduction to his favorite science rang true. Yet his words, apart from their eighteenth-century flourish, could have been written yesterday.

But who gets to think that way? Who gets to celebrate this cosmic view of life? Not the migrant farmworker. Not the sweatshop worker. Certainly not the homeless person rummaging through the trash for food. You need the luxury of time not spent on mere survival. You need to live in a nation whose government values the search to understand humanity's place in the universe. You need a society in which intellectual pursuit can take you to the frontiers of discovery, and in which news of your discoveries can be routinely disseminated. By those measures, most citizens of industrialized nations do quite well.

Yet the cosmic view comes with a hidden cost. When I travel thousands of miles to spend a few moments in the fast-moving shadow of the Moon during a total solar eclipse, sometimes I lose sight of Earth.

When I pause and reflect on our expanding universe, with its galaxies hurtling away from one another, embedded within the ever-stretching, four-dimensional fabric of space and time, sometimes I forget that uncounted people walk this Earth without food or shelter, and that children are disproportionately represented among them.

When I pore over the data that establish the mysterious presence of dark matter and dark energy throughout the universe, sometimes I forget that every day—every twenty-four-hour rotation of Earth—people kill and get killed in the name of someone else's conception of God, and that some people who do not kill in the name of God kill in the name of their nation's needs or wants.

When I track the orbits of asteroids, comets, and planets, each one a pirouetting dancer in a cosmic ballet choreographed by the forces of gravity, sometimes I forget that too many people act in wanton disregard for the delicate interplay of Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land, with consequences that our children and our children's children will witness and pay for with their health and well-being.

And sometimes I forget that powerful people rarely do all they can to help those who cannot help themselves.

I occasionally forget those things because, however big the world is—in our hearts, our minds, and our outsize atlases—the universe is even bigger. A depressing thought to some, but a liberating thought to me.

Consider an adult who tends to the traumas of a child: a broken toy, a scraped knee, a schoolyard bully. Adults know that kids have no clue what constitutes a genuine problem, because inexperience greatly limits their childhood perspective.

As grown-ups, dare we admit to ourselves that we, too, have a collective immaturity of view? Dare we admit that our thoughts and behaviors spring from a belief that the world revolves around us? Apparently not. And the evidence abounds. Part the curtains of society's racial, ethnic, religious, national, and cultural conflicts, and you find the human ego turning the knobs and pulling the levers.

Now imagine a world in which everyone, but especially people with power and influence, holds an expanded view of our place in the cosmos. With that perspective, our problems would shrink—or never arise at all—and we could celebrate our earthly differences while shunning the behavior of our predecessors who slaughtered each other because of them.

Back in February 2000, the newly rebuilt Hayden Planetarium featured a space show called “Passport to the Universe,” which took visitors on a virtual zoom from New York City to the edge of the cosmos. En route the audience saw Earth, then the solar system, then the 100 billion stars of the Milky Way galaxy shrink to barely visible dots on the planetarium dome.

Within a month of opening day, I received a letter from an Ivy League professor of psychology whose expertise was things that make people feel insignificant. I never knew one could specialize in such a field. The guy wanted to administer a before-and-after questionnaire to visitors, assessing the depth of their depression after viewing the show. “Passport to the Universe,” he wrote, elicited the most dramatic feelings of smallness he had ever experienced.

How could that be? Every time I see the space show (and others we've produced), I feel alive and spirited and connected. I also feel large, knowing that the goings-on within the three-pound human brain are what enabled us to figure out our place in the universe.

Allow me to suggest that it's the professor, not I, who has misread nature. His ego was too big to begin with, inflated by delusions of significance and fed by cultural assumptions that human beings are more important than everything else in the universe.

In all fairness to the fellow, powerful forces in society leave most of us susceptible. As was I . . . until the day I learned in biology class that more bacteria live and work in one centimeter of my colon than the number of people who have ever existed in the world. That kind of information makes you think twice about who—or what—is actually in charge.

From that day on, I began to think of people not as the masters of space and time but as participants in a great cosmic chain of being, with a direct genetic link across species both living and extinct, extending back nearly 4 billion years to the earliest single-celled organisms on Earth.

I know what you're thinking: we're smarter than bacteria.

No doubt about it, we're smarter than every other living creature that ever walked, crawled, or slithered on Earth. But how smart is that? We cook our food. We compose poetry and music. We do art and science. We're good at math. Even if you're bad at math, you're probably much better at it than the smartest chimpanzee, whose genetic identity varies in only trifling ways from ours. Try as they might, primatologists will never get a chimpanzee to learn the multiplication table or do long division.

If small genetic differences between us and our fellow apes account for our vast difference in intelligence, maybe that difference in intelligence is not so vast after all.

Imagine a life-form whose brainpower is to ours as ours is to a chimpanzee's. To such a species our highest mental achievements would be trivial. Their toddlers, instead of learning their ABCs on Sesame Street, would learn multivariable calculus on Boolean Boulevard. Our most complex theorems, our deepest philosophies, the cherished works of our most creative artists, would be projects their schoolkids bring home for Mom and Dad to display on the refrigerator door. These creatures would study Stephen Hawking (who occupies the same endowed professorship once held by Newton at the University of Cambridge) because he's slightly more clever than other humans, owing to his ability to do theoretical astrophysics and other rudimentary calculations in his head.

If a huge genetic gap separated us from our closest relative in the animal kingdom, we could justifiably celebrate our brilliance. We might be entitled to walk around thinking we're distant and distinct from our fellow creatures. But no such gap exists. Instead, we are one with the rest of nature, fitting neither above nor below, but within.

Need more ego softeners? Simple comparisons of quantity, size, and scale do the job well.

Take water. It's simple, common, and vital. There are more molecules of water in an eight-ounce cup of the stuff than there are cups of water in all the world's oceans. Every cup that passes through a single person and eventually rejoins the world's water supply holds enough molecules to mix 1,500 of them into every other cup of water in the world. No way around it: some of the water you just drank passed through the kidneys of Socrates, Genghis Khan, and Joan of Arc.

How about air? Also vital. A single breathful draws in more air molecules than there are breathfuls of air in Earth's entire atmosphere. That means some of the air you just breathed passed through the lungs of Napoleon, Beethoven, Lincoln, and Billy the Kid.

Time to get cosmic. There are more stars in the universe than grains of sand on any beach, more stars than seconds have passed since Earth formed, more stars than words and sounds ever uttered by all the humans who ever lived.

Want a sweeping view of the past? Our unfolding cosmic perspective takes you there. Light takes time to reach Earth's observatories from the depths of space, and so you see objects and phenomena not as they are but as they once were. That means the universe acts like a giant time machine: the farther away you look, the further back in time you see—back almost to the beginning of time itself. Within that horizon of reckoning, cosmic evolution unfolds continuously, in full view.

Want to know what we're made of? Again, the cosmic perspective offers a bigger answer than you might expect. The chemical elements of the universe are forged in the fires of high-mass stars that end their lives in stupendous explosions, enriching their host galaxies with the chemical arsenal of life as we know it. The result? The four most common chemically active elements in the universe—hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen—are the four most common elements of life on Earth. We are not simply in the universe. The universe is in us.

Yes, we are stardust. But we may not be of this Earth. Several separate lines of research, when considered together, have forced investigators to reassess who we think we are and where we think we came from.

First, computer simulations show that when a large asteroid strikes a planet, the surrounding areas can recoil from the impact energy, catapulting rocks into space. From there, they can travel to—and land on—other planetary surfaces. Second, microorganisms can be hardy. Some survive the extremes of temperature, pressure, and radiation inherent in space travel. If the rocky flotsam from an impact hails from a planet with life, microscopic fauna could have stowed away in the rocks' nooks and crannies. Third, recent evidence suggests that shortly after the formation of our solar system, Mars was wet, and perhaps fertile, even before Earth was.

Those findings mean it's conceivable that life began on Mars and later seeded life on Earth, a process known as panspermia. So all earthlings might—just might—be descendants of Martians.

Again and again across the centuries, cosmic discoveries have demoted our self-image. Earth was once assumed to be astronomically unique, until astronomers learned that Earth is just another planet orbiting the Sun. Then we presumed the Sun was unique, until we learned that the countless stars of the night sky are suns themselves. Then we presumed our galaxy, the Milky Way, was the entire known universe, until we established that the countless fuzzy things in the sky are other galaxies, dotting the landscape of our known universe.

Today, how easy it is to presume that one universe is all there is. Yet emerging theories of modern cosmology, as well as the continually reaffirmed improbability that anything is unique, require that we remain open to the latest assault on our plea for distinctiveness: multiple universes, otherwise known as the “multiverse,” in which ours is just one of countless bubbles bursting forth from the fabric of the cosmos.

The cosmic perspective flows from fundamental knowledge. But it's more than just what you know. It's also about having the wisdom and insight to apply that knowledge to assessing our place in the universe. And its attributes are clear:

(1)  The cosmic perspective comes from the frontiers of science, yet it is not solely the provenance of the scientist. It belongs to everyone.

(2) The cosmic perspective is humble.

(3) The cosmic perspective is spiritual—even redemptive—but not religious.

(4) The cosmic perspective enables us to grasp, in the same thought, the large and the small.

(5) The cosmic perspective opens our minds to extraordinary ideas but does not leave them so open that our brains spill out, making us susceptible to believing anything we're told.

(6) The cosmic perspective opens our eyes to the universe, not as a benevolent cradle designed to nurture life but as a cold, lonely, hazardous place.

(7) The cosmic perspective shows Earth to be a mote, but a precious mote and, for the moment, the only home we have.

(8) The cosmic perspective finds beauty in the images of planets, moons, stars, and nebulae but also celebrates the laws of physics that shape them.

(9) The cosmic perspective enables us to see beyond our circumstances, allowing us to transcend the primal search for food, shelter, and sex.

(10) The cosmic perspective reminds us that in space, where there is no air, a flag will not wave—an indication that perhaps flag waving and space exploration do not mix.

(11) The cosmic perspective not only embraces our genetic kinship with all life on Earth but also values our chemical kinship with any yet-to-be discovered life in the universe, as well as our atomic kinship with the universe itself.

At least once a week, if not once a day, we might each ponder what cosmic truths lie undiscovered before us, perhaps awaiting the arrival of a clever thinker, an ingenious experiment, or an innovative space mission to reveal them. We might further ponder how those discoveries may one day transform life on Earth.

Absent such curiosity, we are no different from the provincial farmer who expresses no need to venture beyond the county line, because his forty acres meet all his needs. Yet if all our predecessors had felt that way, the farmer would instead be a cave dweller, chasing down his dinner with a stick and a rock.

During our brief stay on planet Earth, we owe ourselves and our descendants the opportunity to explore—in part because it's fun to do. But there's a far nobler reason. The day our knowledge of the cosmos ceases to expand, we risk regressing to the childish view that the universe figuratively and literally revolves around us. In that bleak world, arms-bearing, resource-hungry people and nations would be prone to act on their “low contracted prejudices.” And that would be the last gasp of human enlightenment—until the rise of a visionary new culture that could once again embrace the cosmic perspective.

FROZEN LOVE

By: Therese Ann Montebon

       (Originally written on March 17, 2016)

Therese Ann Montebon; a beautiful young woman, Accounting Technology student at the University of San Carlos, whom I met during the Sinulog Festival 2018. Aside from her dazzling beauty, this lovely lady is also a great poet.

"FROZEN LOVE"

I've seen a girl in a corner

Waiting for a prince to come over

I felt sad for her

That's why I drew near her

Something sparked within my body

I felt weird, I never had it to anybody

Finally, I found the missing part of me

I knew then that I want her to live with me

There is a garden in her face

Where roses and white lilies grow

A heavenly paradise is that place

Wherein all pleasant things flow

Then I realized

By you, I was truly mesmerized

Now I offer you my love

For you to have

If you'll accept me, baby

I'll be gratefully happy

To see you smile always

I'll sing thee a song in thy praise.

My love's like a red, red rose

That's newly sprung in June

Surely, you'll dance through its melody

That's sweetly played in tune.

We will make memories

That's sweet as cherries

Our hearts will never be broken

And I'll make our time forever frozen.

AKO NA ANG DAKILANG TANGA

By: Therese Ann Montebon

       (Originally written on December 13, 2014)

Therese Ann Montebon; a beautiful young woman, Accounting Technology student at the University of San Carlos, whom I met during the Sinulog Festival 2018. Aside from her dazzling beauty, this lovely lady is also a great poet.

"AKO NA ANG DAKILANG TANGA"

Isang taon na pala
Mila nung tayo'y magkakilala
Nung una sa pangalan lang kita kilala
Di ko akalain dun na pala magbubunga.
Dati pangalan mo lama'y naririnig ko sa aking mga barkada
Sabi nila ikaw yung taong na disgrasya
Ikaw naman kasi di nag iingat,
Kaya ikaw ay nasinat.

Ako'y iyong biglang kinausap
Ako tuloy napakurap-kurap
Hindi ko akalain
Tayo'y magiging malapit na kaibigan
Puro tayo mga biruan,
Kaya magaan sayo aking kaluoban
Mukhang sayo lang ako naging ganito
Yung tipong wala akong sinisekreto
Ikaw na siguro yung parang naging diary ko
Dahil sayo lang ako naging totoo
Ako'y nagpaka baliw at parang may ibang pagkatao
Hindi naman ako ganito sa ibang tao
Dinaig mo pa ang aking matalik na kaibigan
Ni wala nga kaming masyadong pinag-chichismisan

Sobrang napalapit ako
Di ko tuloy namalayan ako'y nahuhulog sayo
Gustuhin ko man na ika'y maging akin
Para aking mahalin
Ngunit ito'y hindi maaari
Kasi ika'y meron nang nagmamay-ari
Di ko naman kasi alam
Kaya sayo ako'y nagpa-alam
Tinanung mo ako kung ano ang aking problema
Ngunit di ko masabi-sabi kasi baka ika'y magtaka
Ayoko naman maki-alam sa inyo ng iyong kasintahan
Kasi alam ko na wala akong karapatan
Sinabi nya nga sakin ako'y usyusera
Feeling ko tuloy ako'y naging paki-alamira

Gumawa ako ng isang tula
Upang sayo ay ipakita
Kasi namiss kita ng sobra
Umabot nga ng isang taon diba?
Pero wala ka namang alam na ako'y naging ganito sayo
Di ko kasi sinabi ang totoo
Ngayon ko lang talaga na realize
Na sayo'y sobra akong na mesmerize
Mukha tuloy akong tanga
Ako parin ay umaasa
Pero di ko ito mapipigilan
Yun kasi aking nararamdaman.

INSERT KANTA:
(Sana ngayong pasko ay ma-alala mo parin ako,
hinahanap-hanap pag-ibig mo,

Nangangarap at umaasa parin ako
Na muling makita ka sa araw ng pasko)

(to be continued...)

THE EQUATIONS OF CREATION

By: Neil Urian S. Mabulay

I'm not a fundamentalist nor a creationist, and I dont even believe in a supernatural entity. But I just think that if the book of Genesis in the old testament is to be modified, it should be modified into something like this.

These beautiful equations explain the structure of the universe and serve as the foundation of modern physics. 

The first equation is Einstein's Field Equation also known as General Relativity. It describes how mass distorts the fabric of spacetime, thus affecting the shape of space and the flow of time, resulting to an attractive force called gravity. The equation also predicted that the universe had a beginning. The 'lambda' in the equation is called Einstein's Cosmological Constant. Today, astronomers refer to one theory of Dark Energy as the cosmological constant. Dark energy, for all we know, is the unknown force that drives the expansion of the universe. The theory says that dark energy has been steady and constant throughout time and will remain that way.

The second equation is Newton's Law of Gravitation. It describes Gravity as the long range attractive force between two objects with mass. The equation tells us how strong the gravitational attraction is depending on how massive the objects are and how far away they are from each other. It explains how galaxies, stars, planets such as the Earth, and other celestial objects formed in the heavens over time.

The third equation is the Bekenstein-Hawking Equation. It explains how black holes emit thermal radiation called the Hawking Radiation and evaporate over time. A black hole is a region of spacetime in which gravity is so intense that nothing can escape from it, not even light. The equation describes how black-hole entropy is proportional to the area of its event horizon -- the boundary of a black hole beyond which events cannot affect an outside observer also known as the point of no return.

The last equations are Maxwell's Equations of Electromagnetism also known as the Equation of Light. They describe how electric charges and electric currents produce electric and magnetic fields. Further, they describe how an electric field can generate a magnetic field, and vice versa. 

The four equations are as follows:

(1) Gauss’s Law

There are two types of charges, positive and negative, just as there are two types of real numbers, positive and negative. Electric field lines diverge from positive charge and converge on negative charge.

(2) No One’s Law

There is no magnetic monopole. Magnetic field lines neither converge nor diverge (have no beginning or end).

(3) Faraday’s law

Electric field lines don’t curl; except when the magnetic field changes.

(4) Ampère’s law

Magnetic field lines curl around electric current; and also curl when the electric field changes.

All these equations, the equations of creation as being described in this article, though it doesn't make the book of genesis true, pretty much fit in the poetry of the oldest book that is said to have ever been written by man.

A New Perspective

Before the year 2018 begins, I would like to share this amazing lecture "A New Perspective" by Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson. Let us all welcome this year with a new perspective. Happy new year everyone. Keep looking up.

A NEW PERSPECTIVE

by: Neil deGrasse Tyson, Astrophysicist / director of Hayden Planetarium

Space is a three-hundred billion dollar industry worldwide. NASA is actually a tiny percent of that. It's interesting how small a percent NASA is to the total world spending of space. That little bit, however, is what inspires dreams. Every corporation in here with representatives to this conference, if you ever even touched a science mission, you would lead off with that in your quarterly reports, in your annual reports, because it inspires. It is the act of discovery that empowers nations in the world to undertake these activities. We know this.

Apollo 8, that was the first time anybody ever left Earth with a destination in mind. Yeah, it figurated around the Moon. The photo of Earth rising over the lunar landscape, we all know it--Earthrise over the Moon. There was Earth, seen not as the map-maker would have you identify it. No, the countries were not color-coded with bounderies. It was seen as nature intended it to be viewed--oceans, lands, clouds. We went to the Moon, and we discovered Earth. I claim we discovered Earth for the first time.

Photo by NASA

How does that affect culture? I got a list. The instant that photo comes out, that is the identifying cover picture of the whole Earth catalogue, thinking about Earth as a whole. Not as a place where nations war, [but] as a whole. 1970 the comprehensive clean air act is passed. Earth day was birth on March 1970. The environmental protection agency was founded in 1970. The organization "Doctors without Boarders" was founded in 1971. Where do you even get that phrase from? No one thought of that phrase before that photo was published. Because every globe in your classroom has countries painted on it. DDT gets banned in 1972, we're still going to the Moon, we're still looking back to Earth. Clean water act 1971. 1972 endangered species act. The catalytic converter gets put-in in 1973, unleaded gas 1973, we're still at war in Vietnam! There's still campus unrest. Yet we found the time to start thinking about Earth. That is space operating on our culture and you cannot even put a price on that.

That is a nation, that is a world, reacting to a new perspective on what it is to be alive on this planet that we all share. We need to look at NASA, not as a handout, but as an investment. Because as goes the health of space varying ambitions, so too goes the spiritual, the emotional, the intellectual, the creative, and the economic ambitions of a nation. So goes the future of America [so goes the future of the world].